KCB Group Plc has completed the acquisition of DRC-based Trust Merchant Bank (TMB) and now owns an 85% stake in the bank that is estimated to have an 11% share of the Democratic Republic of Congo banking sector, after obtaining all regulatory approvals.
KCB will offer banking, insurance and trade finance services using TMB’s brand, 109 branches and customer relationships built over its 18 years. In 2021, the Banker named (Trust Merchant Bank) as the “Bank of the Year” in the DRC.
Managers at Kenya’s largest stockbroker, EFG Hermes, held a media briefing on the state of investing in Kenya in 2022. This is at a time that the Democratic Republic of Congo is about to join the East African Community, potentially doubling its market size from over 100 million to 200 million and making the region more attractive to investors due to the regional transports links.
EFG Hermes Head of Frontier Market Research, Kato Mukuru said Nairobi is now the capital of East Africa and that local banks have become regional champions such as Equity which is now the largest bank in the DRC. The next step should be a common currency in East Africa but he lamented that different African governments were unnecessarily chasing digital currency (CBDC) projects.
EFG Hermes Kenya which has a 30% share of Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) trading activity, largely from institutional investors has now invested in wooing retail investors through an app they launched last August. The NSE has had shrinking liquidity, and the value of stock trades that used to be $8-10 million per day, is now at $2-3 million per day – and if liquidity can be pushed back up, other new products on NSE such as derivatives and day-trading will become more viable.
Excerpts
This was a significant week for Kenya Airways and its regional flight partnerships. Their JamboJet subsidiary started flights to Goma, in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). JamboJet also resumed flights to Lamu on Kenya’s coast after four years.
Then Kenya Airways handed over two Embraer 190’s in a wet-lease to state-owned Congo Airways. This means it will be operated by Kenya Airways staff. The airline also launched a direct cargo flight between Lubumbashi and Johannesburg South Africa
In November 2020, KQ launched a Southern Africa cargo service, operating freighter flights from Johannesburg to Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Harare (Zimbabwe) Lilongwe (Malawi) Lusaka (Zambia) and Maputo (Mozambique) Previously all freighter flights would have to operate through Nairobi.
The cargo business is still low but its significance will grow as passengers traffic is not expected to pick up for at least another year. Now Lubumbashi has been added to the KQ Southern Africa cargo network.
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Kenya’s Equity Bank Group Holdings has entered an agreement with some shareholders of Banqué Commerciale du Congo (BCDC) to buy a controlling stake in the bank with a view to consolidate it with its DRC subsidiary.
This comes a few years after Equity invested in DRC by purchasing a stake in ProCredit Bank. At the end of 2018, the DRC constitutes 8% of Equity group’s revenue, second behind Kenya’s 75% and ahead of Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda. The DRC subsidiary had ~$558 million in assets, accounting for about half of its regional subsidies, with ~$13 million pre-tax profit.
The deal is yet to be approved by shareholders of the institutions, the central banks of Kenya and the DRC and other regulatory agencies.
The bank has nine branches in Kinshasa, four in the southern part of the country and sixteen others in the interior of the country (including Bukavu, Goma and Kisangani). The main shareholders of BCDC are George Arthur Forrest & family with 66.53% and the Government of DRC with 25.53%, as well as other shareholders who own 7.94% of the bank. In 2017, BCDC had deposits of $485 million, loans of $282 million and a pre-tax profit of $12 million, that was achieved despite challenges of currency fluctuations and bad debt provisions.
EDIT November 19: Equity Group will acquire 66.53% of BCDC by paying George Arthur Forrest $105 million for 625,354 shares, inclusive of dividends.
Equity Group plans to consolidate BCDC with Equity Bank Congo (EBC, formerly Procredit), and will pay KfW, the German development bank, $9 million for its 7.67% stake in EBC after KfW exercised a put option that the Government of DRC will have to approve.
Transaction advisors for the deal are Stanbic Bank Kenya and legal advisors are Anjarwalla & Khanna.
EDIT August 11, 2020: Equity Group announced the receipt of all approvals and completion of the deal on August 7. This was at a reduced price of $95 million, down from the earlier-announced $105 million to reflect the impact in COVID on world economies and the DRC. Equity now owns 66.53% of BCDC with the bank becoming a subsidiary of the Equity Group.
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Starting Out: The Berlin conference did not partition Africa, the spoils were too large at that point it took many more treaties. At the time of the conference, Europeans thought of African wealth in terms of coastlines, not the interior. Leopold got the centre of Africa while other nations focused on the coast as they did not realize how vast the Congo was.
Revenue: Etat indépendant du Congo (the Congo Free State) was a very profitable venture for Leopold thanks to ivory and rubber. The Congo was a private state of the King and got half the profits from concession companies. Records from one of them, the Anglo Belgian Indian Rubber Exploration Company, showed that ABIR spent 1.35 Francs per kilo to harvest rubber in the Congo and ship it to their headquarters in Antwerp where it sold for up to 10 Francs per kilo – and in six years to 1898 rubber prices had gone up thirty times. Transportation costs aside, harvesting wild rubber required no cultivation, no fertilizer and no capital investment, only labour, for which the concession companies brutally used the people of the Congo as slave labour.
Watching and reflecting on King Leopold's Ghost about Belgium's atrocities in the Congo. Focusing on my students' ability to reflect. pic.twitter.com/7Qkma1qY7t
— Doug MacLeod (@CapeDoug) September 28, 2016
Leopold kept the Congo profits as secret as possible so as not to stir up demands that he pay back sums owed to the Belgian government. To achieve this the Congo state did not publish a budget and it presented understated revenue reports.
Bonds: With time, Leopold was able to issue bonds that brought in as much revenue as rubber. He issued bonds worth 100 million Francs (half a billion in today’s currency). Some were for as long as 99 years and he knew paying back the principal would be someone else’s problems. He even wrote to the Pope, urging the Catholic Church to buy Congo bonds as that would promote the spread of religion.
Use of Funds The money raised with bonds was for development in the Congo but little of it was spent there. The funds went to build monuments, new palace wings, museums including at the seaside resort of Ostend, a golf course at Klemskerke, renovations to a luxurious home at Laeken etc. many of which he gave back to the country with great fanfare. There was also an incomplete World School of Colonialism in Belgium.
Negotiations Out: Once the extent of the atrocities done to the people in the Congo were exposed by authors, organizations and leaders in the UK and US, there was pressure for Leopold to sell. He argued that if Belgium did not take it soon, some powerful country might, such as France and Germany who were jealous of the rubber profits from Congo.
Negotiation began in 1906 but got bogged down as the Belgian Government could not get a full accounting of the state of finances in the Congo, and included some entities that had been incorporated in Belgium, Germany and France.
The End: Finally, it was agreed Leopold would give the Congo up to the Government of Belgium in exchange for them assuming 110 million Francs of debt. This comprised bonds that he had dispensed over the year to his friends and also included 32 million of bonds that he himself never paid back. They also agreed to pay 45 million Francs towards completing building projects of the King, with a third going to complete the one at Laeken. Leopold was also to receive 50 million as gratitude for his sacrifices made to the Congo, and the change of ownership took place in November 1908. After Leopold died, his family and the Belgian government continued to try to clean up issues to do with the Congo and a lot of records of the atrocities of the era were lost.
EDIT Extras:
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